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Kubomi bethu, sihlala sisebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso ze-elektroniki, ezinjengeefowuni eziphathwayo, iikhompyuter, iiTV, njl.; kodwa, ngaba uyazi ukuba ezi zixhobo zombane yenziwe ngamawaka eekhomponenti ze-elektroniki, kodwa asibuhoyanga ubukho bazo. Makhe sijonge kwiikhomponenti ze-elektroniki ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo ezenza ezi zixhobo zombane, size senze uluhlu lwe-10 oluphezulu kwezi zixhobo ze-elektroniki zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.

Izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki kwiifowuni eziphathwayo
1. Amacandelo e-elektroniki asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo
Okokuqala, makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, amacandelo e-elektroniki asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngala: capacitors, resistors, inductors, potentiometers, diodes, transistors, electron tubes, relays, transformers, connectors, amacandelo ahlukeneyo anovakalelo, resonators, filters, switches, njl.
2. Izikhundla eziphezulu ezili-10 zamacandelo e-elektroniki asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo
Emva koko, siqhubeka sijonga i-10 ephezulu ye-rankings yezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukubona ukuba yeyiphi icandelo elinokuba ngumphathi.
No. 10: Transformer. Umgaqo-siseko wokusebenza we-transformer (igama lesiNgesi: I-Transformer) sisixhobo esisebenzisa umgaqo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic ukutshintsha i-AC voltage. Idlala indima ekunyuseni nasekuhliseni i-voltage kwizixhobo zombane, kwaye inemisebenzi efana ne-impedance ehambelanayo kunye nokwahlukaniswa kokhuseleko.

No. 9: Isivamvo. Isivamvo (igama lesiNgesi: i-transducer/sensor) sisixhobo sokubona esinokuva ulwazi olulinganiswayo, kwaye sinokuguqula ulwazi oluvakeleyo lube yimiqondiso yombane okanye ezinye iindlela ezifunekayo zokukhutshwa kolwazi ngokwemigaqo ethile ukuhlangabezana nokuhanjiswa koLwazi, ukusetyenzwa, ukugcinwa. , ukubonisa, ukurekhoda kunye neemfuno zokulawula. Ukuze bafumane ulwazi kwihlabathi langaphandle, abantu kufuneka babhenele kumalungu eemvakalelo. Nangona kunjalo, amalungu eemvakalelo zabantu akude ngokwaneleyo ekufundweni kweziganeko zendalo kunye nemithetho kunye nemisebenzi yemveliso. Ukuziqhelanisa nale meko, iinzwa ziyafuneka. Ke ngoko, kunokutshiwo ukuba i-sensor kukwandiswa kwamalungu amahlanu engqiqo yomntu, eyaziwa ngokuba zizivamvo zombane ezintlanu.

No. 8: ityhubhu yempembelelo yentsimi. I-Field effect transistor (igama lesiNgesi: Isifinyezo se-Field Effect Transistor (FET)), igama elipheleleyo le-transistor yesiphumo sentsimi, sisixhobo se-semiconductor esisebenzisa i-electric field effect ye-loop input control ukulawula i-loop yemveliso yangoku, kwaye ithiywe ngegama. yona. I-tube yempembelelo yentsimi kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukukhulisa, ukuchasana okuguquguqukayo, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo njengomthombo okhoyo ngoku, ukutshintshwa kwe-elektroniki, i-impedance ephezulu, kwaye ifaneleke kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwe-impedance.

No. 7: Transistor. I-transistor sisixhobo se-semiconductor esilawula okwangoku kwaye sinokukhulisa okwangoku. Umsebenzi wayo kukukhulisa isignali ebuthathaka kwisignali yombane ngexabiso elikhulu le-amplitude; ikwasetyenziswa njengokutshintsha koqhagamshelwano ukulawula iisekethe ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki.

Inombolo 6: I-Varactor diode. I-Varactor Diodes (igama lesiNgesi: i-Varactor Diodes), eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Variable Reactance Diodes", yenziwa ngokusebenzisa uphawu lokuba i-junction capacitance iyahluka kunye ne-voltage esetyenzisiweyo xa i-pN junction i-reverse biased. Isetyenziswa kwi-high-frequency tuning, unxibelelwano kunye nezinye iisekethe. Isetyenziswe njenge-capacitor eguquguqukayo. . Isetyenziswe kwiisekethe eziphezulu ze-frequency ukulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukumodareyitha rhoqo, kunye nokulinganisa, umzekelo, njenge-capacitor eguquguqukayo kwi-tuning loop yommkeli kamabonwakude.

I-Varactor diode
No. 5: Inductor. I-Inductance yipropathi yelophu evaliweyo kunye nobungakanani bomzimba. Xa i-coil idlula i-current, i-magnetic field ifakwe kwi-coil, kwaye i-magnetic field induced iya kuvelisa i-current induced yokumelana nokudlula ngoku kwi-coil; i-inductor (igama lesiNgesi: Inductor) licandelo le-inductance elenziwe kwiipropati ze-inductance. Xa kungekho okwangoku nge-inductor, iya kuzama ukuvimba i-current in flowing kuyo xa isiphaluka sivuliwe; ukuba i-inductor ikwi-current ngokusebenzisa i-state, iya kuzama ukugcina i-current xa isiphaluka sivaliwe. Ii-inductors zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-chokes, i-reactors, kunye ne-reactors eguqukayo.

No. 4: Zener diode. I-Zener diode (igama lesiNgesi elithi Zener diode) kukusetyenziswa kwe-pn junction reverse breakdown state, yangoku ingatshintshwa kuluhlu olukhulu ngelixa i-voltage iyinto efanayo, eyenziwe nge-diode enefuthe lokuzinzisa umbane. Le diode sisixhobo semiconductor esinokumelana okuphezulu kude kube yi-voltage ebalulekileyo ye-reverse breakdown. Kule ngongoma ebalulekileyo yokuphuka, ukuchasana okubuyela emuva kuncitshiswe kwixabiso elincinci kakhulu, kwaye ukunyuka kwangoku kulo mmandla wokuchasana ophantsi. I-voltage ihlala ingatshintshi, kwaye i-diode ye-Zener yahlulwe ngokwe-voltage breakdown. Ngenxa yolu phawu, idiode yeZener isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengesilawuli sombane okanye ireferensi yombane. Iidiode zeZener zinokudityaniswa kuthotho ukuze zisetyenziswe kumbane ophakamileyo, kwaye ii-voltages eziphezulu ezizinzileyo zinokufumaneka ngokuzidibanisa kuthotho.

Zener diode
Inombolo 3: I-Crystal diode. Icrystal diode (igama lesiNgesi: crystaldiode) Sisixhobo esikwiziphelo zozibini zesemiconductor kwisixhobo sombane esikwimeko eqinileyo. Eyona nto iphambili yezi zixhobo ziyimpawu zazo ezingenayo i-voltage yangoku. Ukususela ngoko, ngophuhliso lwezixhobo ze-semiconductor kunye neteknoloji yenkqubo, usebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-semiconductor, ukuhanjiswa kwe-doping, kunye nezakhiwo zejometri, iindidi ze-crystal diode ezineentlobo ezininzi zezakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kuye kwaphuhliswa. Izinto zokuvelisa ziquka i-germanium, i-silicon kunye ne-semiconductors edibeneyo. I-Crystal diode ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa, ukulawula, ukufumana, ukuguqula, ukukhulisa imiqondiso, kunye nokwenza ukuguqulwa kwamandla. Iicrystal diode zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, kodwa zinokubekwa kwindawo yesithathu kuluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-elektroniki.

I-Crystal diode
No. 2: Capacitors. Ii-capacitors zivame ukufinyezwa njenge-capacitors (igama lesiNgesi: i-capacitor). I-capacitor, njengoko igama libonisa, 'yisikhongozelo sokubamba umbane', isixhobo esibamba intlawulo yombane. IiCapacitors yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki kwizixhobo zombane. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiisekethe ezinje ngokuthintela, ukudityaniswa, ukudlula, ukuhluza, ukulophu, ukuguqulwa kwamandla, kunye nolawulo.
IiCapacitors zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zombane, kodwa zinokubekwa kwindawo yesibini kuluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-elektroniki. Ngoku ixesha lokungqina ummangaliso lifikile.
No. 1: Abaxhathisi. I-Resistors (igama lesiNgesi: i-Resistor) ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-resistors kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Yinto yangoku ethintelayo. I-Resistor inefuthe elithintelayo kwi-current. Iyakwazi ukukhawulela i-current ngokusebenzisa isebe eliqhagamshelwe kuyo, kwaye i-current inokulungiswa ngokuchasana kwe-resistor, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba amacandelo ahlukeneyo kwisixhobo sombane asebenza ngokuzinzileyo phantsi komgangatho olinganisiweyo. , Nangona indima yokuchasana iqhelekile kakhulu, kodwa ukubaluleka kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu, kunye nokumelana nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamacandelo ahlukeneyo.