iindaba

Umgaqo wokusebenza we-inductance uyinto engabonakaliyo. Ukuze uchaze ukuba yintoni i-inductance, siqala kwizinto ezisisiseko zomzimba.

1. Iziganeko ezimbini kunye nomthetho omnye: imagnethi eyenziwe ngumbane, umbane wemagnetism-induced, kunye nomthetho weLenz.

1.1 Isenzeko sombane

Kukho umfuniselo kwi-physics yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo: xa inaliti encinci yamagnetic ibekwe ecaleni komqhubi kunye nomsinga, isalathiso senaliti encinci yamagnetic iyaphambuka, ebonisa ukuba kukho intsimi yamagnetic ejikeleze langoku. Le nto yafunyanwa yingcali yefiziksi yaseDenmark u-Oersted ngowe-1820.

Ukuba sivunguza i-conductor kwisangqa, imimandla yamagnetic eyenziwa sisangqa ngasinye se-conductor inokugqithisa, kwaye i-magnetic field iya kuba namandla, enokutsala izinto ezincinci. Kulo mfanekiso, i-coil inikwe amandla nge-current ye-2 ~ 3A. Qaphela ukuba ucingo lwe-enameled lunomda wangoku olinganiselweyo, ngaphandle koko luya kunyibilika ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu.

2. Isiganeko sombane wemagnethi

Ngowe-1831, isazinzulu saseBritani uFaraday wafumanisa ukuba xa inxalenye yomqhubi wesekethe evaliweyo ishukuma ukusika imagnethi, kuya kuveliswa umbane kwi-conductor. Okufunekayo kukuba isiphaluka kunye nentsimi yamagnetic zikwimeko eguqukayo, ngoko ibizwa ngokuba yi-magnetoelectricity "dynamic", kwaye umbane owenziweyo ubizwa ngokuba yi-induced current.

Singenza umfuniselo ngenjini. Kwimoto eqhelekileyo ye-DC, i-stator inxalenye yimagnethi esisigxina kwaye inxalenye ye-rotor yi-coil conductor. Ukujikeleza i-rotor ngesandla kuthetha ukuba umqhubi uyashukuma ukusika imigca yamagnetic yamandla. Ukusebenzisa i-oscilloscope ukudibanisa i-electrodes ezimbini ze-motor, utshintsho lwe-voltage lunokulinganiswa. I-generator yenziwe ngokusekelwe kulo mgaqo.

3. Umthetho weLenz

Umthetho weLenz: Isalathiso sombane owenziweyo owenziwe ngotshintsho lwemagnethi luphawu oluchasa ukutshintshwa kwemagnethi.

Ukuqonda okulula kwesi sivakalisi kukuba: xa umhlaba wemagnethi (umhlaba wemagnethi wangaphandle) wokusingqongileyo kombhexeshi usiba namandla, umhlaba wemagnethi oveliswa ngumbane owenziweyo uchasene nomhlaba wemagnethi wangaphandle, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umhlaba wemagnethi uwonke ube buthathaka kunewo wangaphandle. umhlaba wemagnethi. Xa indawo yemagnethi (imagnethi yangaphandle) yokusingqongileyo yomqhubi iba buthathaka, umhlaba wemagnethi oveliswa ngumbane owenziweyo uchasene nemagnethi yangaphandle, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iyonke imagnethi iphelele yomelele kunethafa lemagnethi yangaphandle.

Umthetho weLenz ungasetyenziselwa ukumisela isalathiso se-current induced in the circuit.

2. I-Spiral tube coil – ichaza indlela ii-inductors ezisebenza ngayoNgolwazi lwezi ziganeko zimbini zingasentla kunye nomthetho omnye, makhe sibone ukuba zisebenza njani ii-inductors.

Eyona i-inductor ilula yi-spiral tube coil:

Imeko ngexesha lombane

Sisika icandelo elincinci letyhubhu ejikelezayo kwaye sinokubona iikhoyili ezimbini, ikhoyili A kunye nekhoyili B:

Ngexesha lenkqubo yombane, imeko imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

①I-Coil A idlula ngoku, icinga ukuba isalathiso sayo siboniswe ngumgca oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oqinileyo, obizwa ngokuba yi-excitation current yangaphandle;
②Ngokomgaqo we-electromagnetism, i-excitation yangoku yangaphandle ivelisa i-magnetic field, eqala ukusasazeka kwindawo ejikelezileyo kwaye igqume ikhoyili B, elingana nekhoyili B yokusika imigca yamandla yamandla, njengoko kubonisiwe ngomgca wamachaphaza aluhlaza;
③Ngokomgaqo we-magnetoelectricity, umsinga owenziweyo uveliswa kwikhoyili B, kwaye isalathiso saso sinjengoko kubonisiwe kumgca oluhlaza oqinileyo, ochaseneyo novuselelo lwangaphandle lwangoku;
④Ngokomthetho we-Lenz, i-magnetic field eveliswa yi-current current ichasene ne-magnetic field ye-excitation yangoku yangaphandle, njengoko kubonisiwe kumgca onamachaphaza aluhlaza;

Imeko emva kokuba umbane uzinzile (DC)

Emva kokuba umbane uzinzile, i-excitation current ye-coil A ihlala ihleli, kwaye i-magnetic field eyivelisayo nayo ihlala njalo. Ithafa lemagnethi alinantshukumo ehambelanayo kunye nekhoyili B, ngoko ke akukho magnetoelectricity, kwaye akukho yangoku emelwe ngumgca oluhlaza oqinileyo. Ngeli xesha, i-inductor ilingana nesiphaluka esifutshane sokuvuselela kwangaphandle.

3. Iimpawu ze-inductance: okwangoku ayikwazi ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza

Emva kokuqonda indlela iinductorisebenza, makhe sijonge uphawu lwayo olubaluleke kakhulu - okwangoku kwi-inductor ayinakutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.

Kumzobo, i-axis ethe tye yegophe lasekunene lixesha, kwaye i-axis ethe nkqo yile yangoku kwi-inductor. Umzuzu ukuvalwa kokutshintsha kuthathwa njengemvelaphi yexesha.

Kunokubonwa ukuba:1. Okwangoku ukutshintshwa kuvaliwe, okwangoku kwi-inductor yi-0A, elingana ne-inductor evulekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba utshintsho lwangoku lwangoku ngokukhawuleza, oluya kuvelisa i-current induced enkulu (eluhlaza) ukuxhathisa i-excitation current yangaphandle (blue);

2. Kwinkqubo yokufikelela kwisimo esizinzileyo, i-current inductor itshintsha ngokukhawuleza;

3. Emva kokufikelela kwisimo esizinzileyo, i-current kwi-inductor yi-I = E / R, elingana ne-inductor i-short-circuited;

4. Ngokuhambelana ne-current induced i-electromotive force induced, eyenza ukuchasana no-E, ngoko kuthiwa yi-Back EMF (i-reverse electromotive force);

4. Yintoni kanye kanye inductance?

I-inductance isetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukukwazi kwesixhobo ukuxhathisa utshintsho lwangoku. Okona kunamandla amandla okuxhathisa utshintsho lwangoku, kokukhona i-inductance enkulu, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.

Kwi-excitation ye-DC, i-inductor ekugqibeleni ikwimo yesiphaluka esifutshane (i-voltage yi-0). Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lenkqubo yombane, i-voltage kunye ne-current ayikho i-0, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho amandla. Inkqubo yokuqokelela la mandla ibizwa ngokuba kukutshaja. Igcina la mandla ngendlela yommandla wamagnetic kwaye ikhupha amandla xa ifuneka (njengaxa ukukhutshwa kwangaphandle kungenakukwazi ukugcina ubungakanani bangoku kwindawo ezinzileyo).

Ii-inductors zizixhobo ezingenayo kwintsimi ye-electromagnetic. Izixhobo ze-inertial azithandi utshintsho, njengee-flywheels kwi-dynamics. Kunzima ukuqalisa ukusonta ekuqaleni, kwaye xa beqala ukujikeleza, kuba nzima ukuyeka. Yonke le nkqubo ihamba kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla.

Ukuba unomdla, nceda undwendwele iwebhusayithiwww.tclmdcoils.com.