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Kwenzeka ntoni xa ubeka inductors kunye capacitors kwisekethe?Into epholileyo-kwaye eneneni kubalulekile.
Unokwenza ezininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-inductors, kodwa uhlobo oluqhelekileyo luyi-cylindrical coil-a solenoid.
Xa i-current idlula kwi-loop yokuqala, yenza i-magnetic field edlula kwezinye ii-loops.Ngaphandle kokuba i-amplitude iyatshintsha, i-magnetic field ayiyi kuba nayo nayiphi na impembelelo. yale ntsimi yombane ivelisa utshintsho kwisakhono sombane njengebhetri.
Okokugqibela, sinesixhobo esinomahluko onokubakho ngokomlinganiselo wexesha lotshintsho lwangoku (kuba langoku livelisa indawo yamagnetic). Oku kungabhalwa ngolu hlobo:
Kukho izinto ezimbini zokubonisa kule nxaki.Okokuqala, L yi-inductance.Kuxhomekeke kuphela kwijometri ye-solenoid (okanye nayiphi na imilo onayo), kwaye ixabiso layo lilinganiswa ngendlela kaHenry.Okwesibini, kukho u-minus. uphawu.Oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho olunokwenzeka kwi-inductor luchasene notshintsho lwangoku.
Ingaba i-inductance iziphatha njani kwisekethe?Ukuba unomsinga ongaguqukiyo, ngoko akukho tshintsho (ngqo lwangoku), ngoko ke akukho mahluko unokwenzeka ngapha kwe-inductor-isebenza ngathi ayikho nokuba ikhona.Ukuba kukho i-high-frequency current (isekethe ye-AC), kuya kubakho umahluko omkhulu onokuthi ubekho kwi-inductor.
Ngokufanayo, kukho ulungelelwaniso oluninzi oluhlukeneyo lwee-capacitors.Imilo elula kakhulu isebenzisa iipleyiti ezimbini ze-parallel conductive, nganye inentlawulo (kodwa intlawulo yomnatha ingu-zero).
Intlawulo kula macwecwe idala intsimi yombane ngaphakathi kwe-capacitor.Ngenxa yentsimi yombane, amandla ombane phakathi kwamacwecwe kufuneka aphinde atshintshe.Ixabiso lomahluko onokuthi uxhomekeke kwixabiso lentlawulo.Umahluko onokuthi ubekho kwi-capacitor unokuba ibhalwe ngolu hlobo:
Apha C ixabiso le-capacitance kwi-farads-kwakwaxhomekeke kuphela kuqwalaselo lomzimba wesixhobo.
Ukuba i-current ingena kwi-capacitor, ixabiso lentlawulo ebhodini liya kutshintsha.Ukuba kukho isigxina (okanye i-frequency ephantsi) yangoku, i-current iya kuqhubeka yongeza intlawulo kwiiplate ukuze kwandiswe amandla, ngoko ekuhambeni kwexesha, amandla ekugqibeleni ibe njengesiphaluka esivulekileyo, kwaye i-voltage ye-capacitor iya kulingana nombane webhetri (okanye unikezelo lwamandla) .Ukuba unomjelo ophezulu we-high-frequency current, intlawulo iya kudityaniswa kwaye isuswe kwiiplate kwi-capacitor, kwaye ngaphandle kwentlawulo. ukuqokelela, i-capacitor iya kuziphatha ngokungathi ayikho.
Masithi siqala nge-capacitor ehlawulisiweyo kwaye siyidibanise kwi-inductor (akukho ukuchasana kwisekethe kuba ndisebenzisa iingcingo zomzimba ezigqibeleleyo) .Cinga umzuzu xa ezi zimbini zixhunyiwe.Ukucinga ukuba kukho utshintsho, ngoko ndiyakwazi ukudweba. lo mzobo ulandelayo.
Yiloo nto eyenzekayo.Okokuqala, akukho okwangoku (kuba umtshini uvulekile) Emva kokuba utshintshi luvaliwe, kuya kubakho okwangoku, ngaphandle kokuchasana, lo mjelo uya kuxhuma kwi-infinity.Nangona kunjalo, olu lwando olukhulu lwangoku luthetha ukuba Ixesha elinokuthi lenziwe kulo lonke i-inductor liya kutshintsha.Ngexesha elithile, utshintsho olunokwenzeka kwi-inductor luya kuba lukhulu kunotshintsho kwi-capacitor (kuba i-capacitor ilahlekelwa yintlawulo njengoko ikhoyo ngoku ihamba), kwaye ngoku ikhoyo iya kuguqula kwaye ihlaziye i-capacitor. .Le nkqubo iya kuqhubeka iphinda-kuba akukho kuxhathisa.
Kubizwa ngokuba yi-LC circuit ngenxa yokuba ine-inductor (L) kunye ne-capacitor (C) -Ndicinga ukuba oku kucacile.Utshintsho olunokwenzeka malunga nesekethe yonke kufuneka lube ngu-zero (kuba ngumjikelo) ukuze ndibhale:
Bobabini u-Q kunye nam sitshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.Kukho uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-Q kunye nam kuba ngoku lixesha lokutshintsha kwentlawulo eshiya i-capacitor.
Ngoku ndine-equation ye-second-order differential equation yentlawulo eguquguqukayo.Le ayiyonto inzima ukuyisombulula-enyanisweni, ndingaqikelela isisombululo.
Oku kuphantse kufana nesisombululo sobunzima entwasahlobo (ngaphandle kulo mzekelo, isikhundla sitshintshiwe, hayi intlawulo). Kodwa linda! Akufuneki siqikelele isisombululo, ungasebenzisa izibalo zamanani ukuze Sombulula le ngxaki.Mandiqale ngala maxabiso alandelayo:
Ukusombulula le ngxaki ngokwamanani, ndiza kuyicalula le ngxaki ibe ngamanyathelo amancinane exesha. Ngexesha ngalinye, ndiya:
Ndicinga ukuba oku kupholile kakhulu.Nangcono, unokulinganisa ixesha lokujikeleza kwesekethe (sebenzisa imouse ukujikeleza kwaye ufumane ixabiso lexesha), kwaye usebenzise le ndlela ilandelayo ukuyithelekisa kunye ne-angular frequency elindelekileyo:
Ngokuqinisekileyo, unokutshintsha omnye umxholo kwiprogram kwaye ubone okwenzekayo-hamba phambili, awuyi kutshabalalisa nantoni na ngokusisigxina.
Le modeli ingentla ayinanyani.Iisekethe zokwenyani (ingakumbi iingcingo ezinde kwii-inductors) zinokuxhathisa.Ukuba bendifuna ukubandakanya le resistor kumzekelo wam, isekethe iya kujongeka ngolu hlobo:
Oku kuya kutshintsha i-equation ye-voltage loop.Kuya kubakho kwakhona ixesha lokuhla okunokwenzeka kwi-resistor.
Ndingaphinda ndisebenzise umdibaniso phakathi kwentlawulo kunye neyangoku ukufumana le equation yomahluko ilandelayo:
Emva kokongeza isichasi, oku kuya kuba yinxaki enzima ngakumbi, kwaye asikwazi nje “ukuthelekelela” isisombululo.Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki kube nzima kakhulu ukuguqula ubalo lwamanani ukusombulula le ngxaki.Enyanisweni, utshintsho kuphela ngumgca obala i-derivative yesibini yentlawulo.Ndongeze ixesha apho ukucacisa ukuxhathisa (kodwa kungekhona umyalelo wokuqala).Usebenzisa i-3 ohm resistor, ndifumana iziphumo ezilandelayo (cofa iqhosha lokudlala kwakhona ukuze uyiqhube).
Ewe, unokutshintsha amaxabiso e-C kunye ne-L, kodwa qaphela. Ukuba aphantsi kakhulu, i-frequency iya kuba phezulu kakhulu kwaye kufuneka utshintshe ubungakanani besinyathelo sexesha kwixabiso elincinci.
Xa usenza imodeli (ngohlalutyo okanye iindlela zamanani), ngamanye amaxesha awuyazi ngokwenene ukuba isemthethweni okanye inkohliso ngokupheleleyo.Enye indlela yokuvavanya imodeli kukuthelekisa kunye nedatha yangempela.Masenze oku.Le yeyam ulungiselelo.
Le yindlela esebenza ngayo.Okokuqala, ndasebenzisa iibhetri ezintathu zohlobo lwe-D ukuhlawula i-capacitors.Ndiyakwazi ukuxelela xa i-capacitor iphantse ihlawuliswe ngokujonga i-voltage kwi-capacitor.Okulandelayo, qhawula ibhetri uze uvale ukutshintshela ukukhupha i-capacitor ngokusebenzisa i-inductor.I-resistor yinxenye yocingo-andinayo i-resistor eyahlukileyo.
Ndizame iindibaniselwano ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-capacitors kunye ne-inductors, kwaye ekugqibeleni ndafumana umsebenzi othile.Kule meko, ndisebenzise i-5 μF capacitor kunye ne-transformer endala ekhangeleka kakubi njenge-inductor yam (engaboniswanga ngasentla).Andiqinisekanga ngexabiso le i-inductance, ngoko ke ndiqikelela nje i-frequency yekona kwaye ndisebenzise ixabiso lam elaziwayo le-capacitance ukusombulula i-13.6 i-inductance ka-Henry. Ukuxhatshazwa, ndazama ukulinganisa eli xabiso nge-ohmmeter, kodwa ukusebenzisa ixabiso le-715 ohms kwimodeli yam kubonakala kusebenza. ngcono.
Le yigrafu yemodeli yam yamanani kunye nombane olinganisiweyo kwisekethe yangempela (ndisebenzise i-Vernier differential voltage probe ukufumana i-voltage njengomsebenzi wexesha).
Ayisiyonto ifanelekileyo-kodwa isondele ngokwaneleyo kum.Ngokucacileyo, ndiyakwazi ukulungelelanisa iiparamitha kancinane ukuze ndifumane ukulingana okungcono, kodwa ndicinga ukuba oku kubonisa ukuba imodeli yam ayiphambene.
Olona phawu luphambili lwale sekethe ye-LRC kukuba ineziza zendalo ezixhomekeke kumaxabiso e-L kunye ne-C.Masithi ndenze into eyahlukileyo.Kuthekani ukuba ndiqhagamshela umthombo wombane oscillating kule sekethe ye-LRC? ubuninzi bangoku kwisiphaluka kuxhomekeke kwi-frequency ye-voltage ye-oscillating source.Xa i-frequency ye-voltage source kunye ne-LC circuit iyafana, uya kufumana ubuninzi bangoku.
Ityhubhu enefoyile ye-aluminiyam yi-capacitor, kwaye ityhubhu enocingo yi-inductor. Ngokudibeneyo (i-diode kunye ne-earpiece) ezi zenza irediyo yekristale. Ewe, ndiyidibanise kunye nezinto ezilula (ndilandele imiyalelo kule YouTube ividiyo). Umbono osisiseko kukulungelelanisa amaxabiso ee-capacitors kunye nee-inductors ukuze "zicule" kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo esithile. Andinakuyenza ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo-Andicingi ukuba kukho izikhululo zikanomathotholo ezilungileyo ze-AM ngeenxa zonke. (okanye i-inductor yam yaphukile).Nangona kunjalo, ndiye ndafumanisa ukuba le khithi yerediyo yekristale endala isebenza ngcono.
Ndifumene isitishi endisivayo, ngoko ke ndicinga ukuba unomathotholo wam ozenzele ngokwam usenokungalungelanga ukufumana isitishi. Kodwa ingaba le RLC isenza umsebenzi wesekethe ye-resonant njani, kwaye uwufumana njani umqondiso wesandi kuyo?Mhlawumbi Ndiza kuyigcina kwisithuba esizayo.
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